DPS 周刊 136 - 爱的教育与恨的教育
本周翻完了两本书,一本是冯克写的《毛泽东的大饥荒》,一本是 Erich Fromm 的 The Art of Loving。两本形成鲜明的对比:前者是恨的教育,后者是爱的教育
其实去年就把《毛泽东的大饥荒》翻了一大半,看得实在难过就丢在一边了。这回下了一大把决心才把剩余部分读完。
冯克花了很大力气整理了各种公开档案,才写成这本书。这些档案恐怕只是冰山一角,真实的情况恐怕比这些档案更加恐怖。
本書的研究,就是基於筆者在數年內從幾十個中共檔案館所查閱的一千多件檔案材料。筆者曾到訪北京的外交部檔案館,也去過河北、山東、甘肅、湖北、湖南、浙江、四川、貴州、雲南和廣東的省級檔案館,還有不同地區的市級和縣級檔案館——縣級檔案館雖然規模較小,但收藏的資料同樣寶貴
那分明是一个吃人的社会,而一切都是因为一个人造成的。
但事實上,當食物極為匱乏時,一個人多吃一口就意味著另一個人要少吃一口
史達林曾讀過譯成俄文的毛的文章,並因此認定毛就是個農民,是窯洞裡走出來的馬克思主義者
從另一方面來看,朝鮮戰爭則有助於毛提高其在中共黨內的個人權威
儘管內心對其不滿,毛一直將自己與史達林相比
毛對自己的醫生說:「金門、馬祖就是我們的兩隻手,用來拉住臺灣,不讓它跑掉。這兩個小島,又是個指揮棒,你看怪不怪,可以用它指揮赫魯雪夫和艾森豪團團轉。」
说是自然灾害,其实完全是人祸:
一九五七年,全國的平均死亡率是百分之一,而雲南卻多出一倍,達到百分之二.二
事實上,對於農村中存在的饑荒、疾病和濫用權力等問題,毛完全可以從各類彙報材料中了解情況
北京市長彭真的主張比毛更極端,他建議減少糧食消費以保證出口。聽了毛的講話,周恩來的膽子也大了,他建議說:我們應該三個月不吃,以保證出口
就在糧食減產期間,為了供應城市人口和國際市場,國家卻加大了糧食徵購的力度。三月二十五日,中央在上海的錦江飯店召開了一次會議。這次會議的內容屬於最高機密,會議記錄只供與會人員傳閱。毛在會議中下令將糧食徵購的比率提高到三分之一:「糧食收購不超過三分之一,農民造不了反。
根據中蘇雙方的約定,中國可以在十六年內還清所有欠款,可是毛卻堅持一定要提前還清
然而,蘇聯人從來沒要求中國提前還清債務。相反,他們在一九六一年四月提出,可以將尚未償還的兩億八千八百萬盧布算作新的貸款,並給予中國四年的償還期限
以自然災害為藉口,除了掩蓋大饑荒的人為因素外,還有更多的考慮:貿易合同通常都包含一個免責條款(即第三十三條),規定如果遭遇不可預見的非人力可控因素,可以中止部分或全部合同內容。如今,北京正是利用第三十三條來減少與社會主義陣營的貿易額,甚至中止兩者的貿易關係。
當年廣東全省徵收的糧食總量是四十七萬噸,對外援助就占了其中的約四分之一
日本外長就曾向中國外長陳毅私下表示,可以在不被外界關注的情況下向中國悄悄提供十萬噸麥子,但仍遭中國嚴詞拒絕
反观 The Art of Loving,完全就是一本爱的教育。在这本书里,爱是广义上的爱,并不局限在亲密关系中的爱。Erich 着重探讨了分离和爱的关系:
The experience of separateness arouses anxiety; it is, indeed, the source of all anxiety.
The awareness of human separation, without reunion by love—is the source of shame.
The deepest need of man, then, is the need to overcome his separateness, to leave the prison of his aloneness.
All forms of orgiastic union have three characteristics: they are intense, even violent; they occur in the total personality, mind and body; they are transitory and periodical.
In contrast to symbiotic union, mature love is union under the condition of preserving one’s integrity, one’s individuality.
Love is an active power in man; a power which breaks through the walls which separate man from his fellow men, which unites him with others; love makes him overcome the sense of isolation and separateness, yet it permits him to be himself, to retain his integrity.
也探讨了给予与爱的关系:
In the most general way, the active character of love can be described by stating that love is primarily giving, not receiving.
Giving is the highest expression of potency. In the very act of giving, I experience my strength, my wealth, my power.
Giving is more joyous than receiving, not because it is a deprivation, but because in the act of giving lies the expression of my aliveness.
She gives herself too; she opens the gates to her feminine center; in the act of receiving, she gives.
具体而言,爱有四部分:关心,责任,尊重与认知:
The active character of love becomes evident in the fact that it always implies certain basic elements, common to all forms of love. These are care, responsibility, respect and knowledge.
If I love the other person, I feel one with him or her, but with him as he is, not as I need him to be as an object for my use.
Respect exists only on the basis of freedom: “l’amour est l’enfant de la liberté” as an old French song says; love is the child of freedom, never that of domination.
Knowledge would be empty if it were not motivated by concern.
The ultimate degree of this attempt to know lies in the extremes of sadism, the desire and ability to make a human being suffer; to torture him, to force him to betray his secret in his suffering.
Love is the only way of knowledge, which in the act of union answers my quest.
Erich 业讨论了亲密关系中的爱:
Sexual attraction creates, for the moment, the illusion of union, yet without love this “union” leaves strangers as far apart as they were before—sometimes it makes them ashamed of each other, or even makes them hate each other, because when the illusion has gone they feel their estrangement even more markedly than before.
In erotic love there is an exclusiveness which is lacking in brotherly love and motherly love.
Their love is, in fact, an egotism à deux; they are two people who identify themselves with each other, and who solve the problem of separateness by enlarging the single individual into two.
Love is not the result of adequate sexual satisfaction, but sexual happiness—even the knowledge of the so-called sexual technique—is the result of love.
最重要的是,要爱自己:
The love for my own self is inseparably connected with the love for any other being.
Love, in principle, is indivisible as far as the connection between “objects” and one’s own self is concerned.
The affirmation of one’s own life, happiness, growth, freedom is rooted in one’s capacity to love, i.e., in care, respect, responsibility, and knowledge.
To love is a personal experience which everyone can only have by and for himself
Recap
最近和朋友聊起去年转行做品牌出海的经历。我在这份工作中的心态和之前工作中的完全不一样。简单而言,就是需要以更开放的心态来应对更多的未知挑战。同理,这样的心态也是移民准备中需要的,所以我们不妨展开来谈谈。
如果我们的目标是技术移民,并且目标是在新国家找到工作,那么以这种心态可以让我们在准备过程中保持主动和创新。
Peter Yang 在一份全职工作的同时,还经营着一份电子报:
- 他对很多事物说不,因为他认为保证电子报的质量是最重要的事;
- 他每天五点半起床,六点到七点之间做自己的事,如果完成了的话,他就认为这一天是成功的一天;
- 他都是异步工作,包括和他的团队做决策。
Herman Martinus 花了四天时间从开普敦骑摩托到约翰内斯堡,在他看来这像是在沙漠里冥想:
- 骑摩托意味着你必须活在当下,不能分心;
- 骑摩托不断地能收到地面的反馈,让他觉得自己和大地连接在一起;
- 每天的劳累让他在晚上获得很好的休息;
- 一路上他不断获得他人的帮助,也对他人施以援手。
Nick Maggiulli 归纳了四类高估的财富观点:
- 提前退休 -> 可能会让你失去人生的意义,让你失去成长的机会;
- 投资房产 -> 极高的准入门槛,需要解决租户的问题等等;
- 再平衡投资账户 -> 每半年到三年再平衡一次即可,买入低增长的资产比卖出高增长资产更能省税;
- 没有被高估的观点 -> 熟悉历史,投资多样化,提高自身收入。
Jack Raines 指出 Amazon 之所以能在互联网泡沫中存活下来,是因为他们在爆发前一个月卖出了6.72亿美金的债券:
- 这些现金为 Amazon 的存活提供了保障;
- SpaceX 之所以能活下来,是因为 Elon Musk 用之前两家公司 Zip2 和 Paypal 的钱来养活它;
- 很多企业的成功,只是比竞争对手多活了一段时间;
- 如果你想独自创业,请确保又足够的现金流。
这是 Dan Wang 写的2022年度之信。尽管这荒谬的三年已经过去了许久,但是读到这些还是难免让人难过:
- 他在上海宣布即将封城后,立马买了机票逃到了云南。然后在云南逍遥了两个多月;
- 大理比西双版纳凉快,又比香格里拉多点阳光;所以被人戏称为“大理福尼亚”,因为和 Califonia 只差一个字母;
- 高山让云南难以发展工业,但业因此让它成为了避世之地;
- 上海的老人戏言道,封城还不是最惨的,毕竟都经历过十年文革。封城让大家提前体验了“共同富裕“;
- 上海封城带来最大的挑战是心理上的,因为谁都不知道晒时候会结束;
- 上海民众经历了两次短缺:春季的食物短缺和冬季的退烧药短缺;而退烧药的短缺非常荒谬 -> 一个主要症状是发烧的大流行病的前提下,退烧药居然被限制购买,所以药房没有备货,药厂不再生产;
- 12月7号前后,所有的喉舌都是两面派,唯独一个人从来不发声,明明都是他的责任,他却什么都不用负责;
- 在过去的七十多年里,每一次折腾都是人祸。
本周的生产力日报集合就到此为止,如果你有什么建议,也欢迎留言告诉我们。如果想要收到最及时的推荐,不妨订阅我们的频道,或者付费解锁更多增值内容,我们下期见。
题图源自 Unsplash
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